Effects of storage temperature and storage duration of biodiesel properties, visual appearances and emision

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through a refinery process called transesterification. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any percentage but the standard storage and handling procedures used for biodiesel are the main issue due to the biodiesel fuel specifications. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. In this research, three different storage temperature were study which are; low (0 – 5 °C), ambient (25 – 29 °C), and high (40 – 50 °C). The key parameters that are required to store biodiesel are discussed, and the recent research advances are noted. Five types of biodiesel after storage all the samples for 2016 hours were tested plus with two product of combustion. Images analysis for combustion process was used to image appearances analysis. Under 2016 hours of storage duration, the effect of degradation was happen although the effect is not significance because the changes are still in acceptable ranges

The effectiveness of branding at Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) / Nik Mohd Hanis Zakaria

The research study is carried out to analyze and identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of branding at Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM). Actually, the factors that exactly influence brand effectiveness is analyzed and examined by using four major independent variables; promotion, price, service quality and product. It is crucial to analyze and well understand the accurate factors that influence brand effectiveness so that TM brand can last in customers mind and always be a brand of customer’s choice. Therefore, in gaining the customers responses and views, researcher has distributed 80 questionnaires to 80 respondents that are limited to the TM customers in the area of Pasir Puteh Kelantan only. Based on the result, from the examining and analysis of data, there is moderate relationship between promotion, price, product, service quality and brand effectiveness. Hence, it is well-approved that promotion, price, product and service quality are the factors that influence brand effectiveness for Telekom Malaysia (TM) brand

Overview effect of biodiesel storage on properties and characteristics

Abstract. Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmen-tally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. This provides a critical review of current understanding of main factor in storage method which affecting the biodiesel properties and characteristics. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. Water and sediment contamination are basically housekeep-ing issues for biodiesel. Degradation by oxidation yields products that may compromise fuel proper-ties, impair fuel quality and engine performance. The effect of storage method on the fuel properties and burning process in biodiesel fuel combustion will strongly affects the exhaust emissions

Analysis of rbd palm olein abrasive blasting as new metal surface cleaning method

Abrasive blasting is a process done for surface cleaning which has two methods which are dry or wet process. The dry process which uses abrasive media blasted onto a surface to clean dirt on the surface normally will release fine dust into the environment. Water is used with abrasive media to reduce the dust release into the environment and named as wet abrasive blasting process. However, water causes corrosion to metal surface. In this study, analysis of RBD palm olein as an alternative to the use of water in wet abrasive blasting process was investigated. The analysis in this study covers performance of cleaning process, personal dust exposure reduction, emission rate reduction and corrosion inhibition. In this research, the performance of RBD palm olein abrasive blasting was evaluated using ISO 8501-1 visual assessment method. Abrasive blasting workers’ exposure level to the dust release from abrasive blasting activity was determined using NIOSH Method 0500 dan 0600. EPA-42 was used to determine the emission rate in this research. XRD method was also used to determine the dust and material composition as described in the NIOSH Method NMAM 7500. To see the effectiveness of the RBD palm olein as a corrosion inhibitor, samples of tank were soaked using ASTM G31-72 method. In this process, the quality of RBD palm olein shows similar result to dry and wet abrasive blasting in cleaning performance. Exposure monitoring result shows that the workers’ exposure to dust release from RBD palm olein abrasive blasting reduced drastically and recorded only 21.11% inhalable dust and 22.82% for respirable dust compared to the result recorded in dry abrasive blasting. The emission rate was also decreased. Result and analysis from XRD show the composition of quartz-silica has exceeded the permission level on material although the silica composition decreased in dust sample during abrasive blasting. Samples soaked in RBD palm olein for 48 hours did not show any corrosion development. In conclusion, RBD palm olein can be a new and sustainable alternative in the metal surface cleaning process in the industries

Effect of storage temperature and storage duration on biodiesel properties and characteristics

Biodiesel based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through a refinery process called transesterification. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any percentage but the standard storage and handling procedures used for biodiesel are the main issue due to the biodiesel fuel specifications. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. In this research, three different storage temperature were study which are; low (0 – 5 °C), ambient, and high (40 – 50 °C). The key parameters that are required to store biodiesel are discussed, and the recent research advances are noted. Five types of biodiesel after storage all the samples for 2016 hours were tested plus with two product of combustion. Images analysis for combustion process was used to image appearances analysis. Under 2016 hours of storage duration, the effect of degradation was happen although the effect is not significance because the changes are still in acceptable ranges

Determine physical properties of an organic citric acid (processed lime juice) dissolve with water using experimental apparatus

This paper describes experimental studies on the physical properties of processed lime juice to dissolve with water. Lime juice as known as organic citric acid have many advantages in our life especially in food industries, pharmaceutical industries, anticancer and antioxidant and cleaning agent. Physical properties of liquid include pH, viscosity, density, molar mass and surface tension. This Study conducted using common laboratory apparatus such as Pycnometer, the pH device (HI 9811 pH), Viscolite700 etc. The additional organic citric acid by percentage in water was changed the physical properties of liquids. The future strategy of this research is to introduce organic lime juice mixed with water in spray system as cleaning agent, reduce air pollution and reduce water consumption for Commercial Restaurant Equipment

Lung Function Test among Abrasive Blasting Workers in Lumut, Perak

Abrasive blasting process is a common process in marine industry. This process was use as main cleaning process method and normally will release fine dust that hazardous to human health. Main effect from fine dust to human health are respiratory failure such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung function test can be used to detect any respiratory problems in human. The objective of the research to evaluate the effect of dust exposure from abrasive blasting to the workers. This study are conduct among workers work in dusty environment in Lumut, Perak, Malaysia. FEV1/FVC value from lung function test were evaluated to determine the severity of COPD among workers. While FEV1 prediction show restrictive pattern and use to determine any respiratory or lung problems among the workers. From the result, it does not show any COPD problem among workers. However, FEV1 show that some workers need to go for detail medical surveillance because of the result is less than 0.8. Employer and workers need to understand and know their work related risk to minimize the risk arising from their job or work conducted

Dust Exposure Monitoring: Abrasive Blasting Dust from Cleaning Process in Marine Industry

Abrasive blasting is one of application that widely use in marine industry. This process is expected would release dust that believe can be harmful to human health such as cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Malaysia, Ministry of Health report that the deadliness of COPD for men in Malaysia peaks at age 80 and above. COPD start kills men at the lowest rate at age 10-14.  This study to determine the dust released from abrasive blasting in cleaning process and effect to human worker. This experiment was conducted using establish method which is NIOSH 0500 and NIOSH 0600 for exposure monitoring process. Sample from exposure monitoring process were analysis using XRD for determine the composition of dust release from abrasive blasting activity. Result from study show that level of exposure to dust release from abrasive blasting activity are exceed from the limit under Occupational Safety and Health (USECHH) Regulations 2000. Silica dioxide and other hazardous composition found under XRD testin

Targeting Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Research and Clinical Impacts

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.8 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2012. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is one of two types of lung cancer, accounts for 85–90% of all lung cancers. Despite advances in therapy, lung cancer still remains a leading cause of death. Cancer relapse and dissemination after treatment indicates the existence of a niche of cancer cells that are not fully eradicated by current therapies. These chemoresistant populations of cancer cells are called cancer stem cells (CSCs) because they possess the self-renewal and differentiation capabilities similar to those of normal stem cells. Targeting the niche of CSCs in combination with chemotherapy might provide a promising strategy to eradicate these cells. Thus, understanding the characteristics of CSCs has become a focus of studies of NSCLC therapies

Home range and activity patterns of Sunda scops owl in Peninsular Malaysia

The Sunda scops owl Otus lempiji is commonly found in many wooded habitat types in Malaysia. However, as with other owl species in Southeast Asia, there is a lack of published ecological studies. We examined the home range and activity patterns of six adult Sunda scops owls based on radio-telemetry in an isolated forest, namely Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia from December 2012 to June 2013. Mean minimum convex polygon and harmonic mean home range areas of the owls were 2.40 ± 0.28 SD ha and 4.00 ± 0.78 SD ha, respectively. The birds exhibited territorial behaviour with little overlapping of home ranges. Movements (the means of inter-fix speed) were not associated with lunar illumination nor with time. This study provided baseline information on the spatial requirements of the Sunda scops owl in a lowland forest